Which organization conducts unannounced inspections of animal research facilities?

• A. USDA
• B. NIH
• C. FDA
• D. EPA

Answer: (A)

The organization that conducts unannounced inspections of animal research facilities is the USDA. Through its Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the USDA enforces the Animal Welfare Act and carries out surprise visits to check on humane care and use of animals, housing and husbandry, veterinary care, records, and IACUC compliance. This unannounced aspect helps ensure that day-to-day practices meet welfare standards rather than only what is seen during planned visits. Other agencies, like NIH, FDA, and EPA, have related oversight roles but do not routinely perform unannounced inspections of animal housing and care in research facilities.